Abstract Summary
Public transportation is a critical component of urban mobility, providing affordable and sustainable transportation options for individuals and communities. However, the accessibility and usability of first mile-last mile (FLM) connections, which refer to the distance between a person's origin or destination and the nearest transit station, greatly impact the performance of public transportation systems. This review article focuses on the integration of bike-sharing systems as a potential solution to improve FLM connectivity to public transit. The research methodology follows a literature review approach, including qualitative and quantitative studies related to FLM destinations and cycling in the context of urban planning and transportation planning. Eleven studies were identified through a search of three bibliographic databases including Web of Science, Transport Research International Documentation (TRID), and Scopus. The inclusion and exclusion criteria limit the review to English language academic literature from the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. The findings indicate that density, spatial proximity and connectivity to transit hubs, land-use mixture, and proximity to the city center, positively affect the integration of bike-sharing systems and public transit. While, the correlation between bike sharing and public transportation ridership is complex and subject to the context, with several elements affecting the results. The results of the review contribute to the understanding of the current literature on FLM destinations and public transportation, and the potential of bike-sharing systems as a solution to address FLM transportation challenges. Keywords: First mile-last mile, literature review, public transit, cycling, bike sharing
